(2014) A Direct Brain-to-Brain Interface in Humans. Our results provide evidence for a rudimentary form of direct information transmission from one human brain to another using non-invasive means.Ĭitation: Rao RPN, Stocco A, Bryan M, Sarma D, Youngquist TM, Wu J, et al. We quantify the performance of the brain-to-brain interface in terms of the amount of information transmitted as well as the accuracies attained in (1) decoding the sender’s signals, (2) generating a motor response from the receiver upon stimulation, and (3) achieving the overall goal in the cooperative visuomotor task. This allows the sender to cause a desired motor response in the receiver (a press on a touchpad) via TMS. The brain-to-brain interface detects motor imagery in EEG signals recorded from one subject (the “sender”) and transmits this information over the internet to the motor cortex region of a second subject (the “receiver”). We illustrate our method using a visuomotor task in which two humans must cooperate through direct brain-to-brain communication to achieve a desired goal in a computer game. Our non-invasive interface, demonstrated originally in August 2013, combines electroencephalography (EEG) for recording brain signals with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for delivering information to the brain. We describe the first direct brain-to-brain interface in humans and present results from experiments involving six different subjects.

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